Strategic planning: This project area covers defining how the initiative supports the organization’s strategy, setting project-level objectives and boundaries, and keeping scope, priorities, and resources aligned with those goals.
Information systems coordination: This project area covers aligning this project with other information and technology initiatives, agreeing on interfaces and shared standards, and avoiding conflicting or duplicated efforts across the organization.
Information management: This project area covers how the project will create, store, use, and retire information assets, including ownership, lifecycle rules, and how information supports concrete project outcomes.
Enterprise and business architecture: This project area covers how the project fits into the target business and technology architecture, including which processes, systems, and data flows it will change or rely on.
Solution architecture: This project area covers designing the end-to-end solution, agreeing on key components and integrations, and making architectural trade-offs to deliver the agreed outcomes.
Innovation management: This project area covers how the project identifies, tests, and decides on new technology-enabled approaches, including which ideas move from experiment to funded work.
Emerging technology monitoring: This project area covers how the project tracks relevant emerging technologies, evaluates their impact on scope and risk, and decides whether to adopt, defer, or ignore them.
Formal research: This project area covers all structured research activities within the project, including study design, data collection, experiments, evaluations, and how findings inform decision-making.
Sustainability: This project area covers how the project manages environmental impacts, meets sustainability requirements, and documents compliance with internal and external standards.
Financial management: This project area covers how the project budget is set, tracked, and controlled, and how financial risks, trade-offs, and approvals are handled.
Investment appraisal: This project area covers how the project’s business case is built, how options are compared, and how go/no-go or scaling decisions are made based on expected returns and risks.
Benefits management: This project area covers defining the project’s expected benefits, mapping them to specific changes, and tracking their likelihood of being realized over time.
Budgeting and forecasting: This project area covers how the project creates and updates its budget and financial forecasts, including how changes in scope or timing are reflected.
Financial analysis: This project area covers how financial data from and about the project is analyzed, which metrics are used, and how insights feed into steering decisions.
Cost management: This project area covers identifying, planning, and controlling project costs, including cost-saving measures and conscious decisions to accept higher costs for specific outcomes.
Demand management: This project area covers how incoming requests and project expectations are collected, prioritized, accepted, deferred, or rejected.
Measurement: This section covers the measures and KPIs the project uses, how data is collected and reported, and how metrics inform decision-making and trade-offs.
Information security: This project area covers how the project applies the organization’s security framework, chooses concrete controls, and handles exceptions or accepted risks.
Information assurance: This project area covers how the project proves that information-related risks are identified, managed, and reported, especially for critical data and systems.
Information and data compliance: This project area covers how the project interprets and applies relevant data and information regulations, documents compliance, and manages necessary approvals.
Vulnerability research: This project area covers how the project handles the discovery, evaluation, and mitigation of security weaknesses in its scope, including responsibilities and timelines.
Threat intelligence: This project area covers how the project consumes and acts on threat intelligence, including changes to design, operations, or controls in response to emerging threats.
Governance: This project area covers how decisions are made in the project, which bodies have which authority, and how compliance and escalation paths are structured.
Risk management: This project area covers how project risks are identified, assessed, documented, monitored, and escalated, as well as which risks are consciously accepted.
Artificial intelligence and data ethics: This project area covers how the project applies ethical guidelines for AI and data, including what is allowed, what is ruled out, and where explicit approvals are required.
Audit: This project area covers how the project prepares for and responds to audits, the evidence required, and how findings are addressed.
Quality management: This project area covers how the project defines its quality objectives, establishes processes and standards, and determines what “good enough” means for deliverables.
Quality assurance: This project area covers how quality is checked in practice, which reviews and tests are performed, and how nonconformities are handled.
Consulting: This project area covers how external or internal consultants are engaged in the project, what they are responsible for, and how their recommendations are used or challenged.
Specialist advice: This project area covers how the project accesses expert input in specialist domains, how questions are framed, and how advice is translated into decisions.
Methods and tools: This project area covers the techniques and tools the project uses for planning, collaboration, development, and reporting, and how these choices are enforced or adapted.
Portfolio management: This project area covers how this project is positioned on the broader portfolio, how it competes for resources, and how portfolio-level decisions affect scope and timing.
Program management: This project area covers how this project interacts with related projects within a program, including shared milestones, dependencies, and risks.
Project management: This project area covers how the project is planned, tracked, and steered day to day, including roles, routines, reporting, and issue handling.
Portfolio, program, and project support: This project area covers the support functions the project relies on for standards, templates, tools, and reporting, as well as how these services are accessed.
Delivery management: This project area covers how the project manages delivery cycles, coordinates teams, and ensures that increments of value are actually shipped and accepted.
Business situation analysis: This project area covers how the current situation is understood, which problems and opportunities are documented, and which analysis shapes the project scope.
Feasibility assessment: This project area covers the evaluation of different solution options for feasibility, including technical, financial, and organizational fit.
Requirements definition and management: This project area covers how requirements are gathered, documented, prioritized, changed, and traced across the project lifecycle.
Business modeling: This project area covers how the project documents processes, data, roles, and scenarios to understand impacts and support design and decision making.
User acceptance testing: This project area covers how users will test the solution, which acceptance criteria they use, and what happens when the results are not satisfactory.
Business process improvement: This project area covers which business processes the project will change, how new processes are designed, and how disruptive changes are decided and justified.
Organizational capability development: This project area covers which capabilities the organization must build or strengthen to support the project outcomes and how those capability gaps are addressed.
Organization design and implementation: This project area covers changes to organizational structure, roles, and reporting lines driven by the project and how those changes are implemented.
Organizational change management: This project area covers how the project manages stakeholder impact, communication, training, and resistance as people move to the future state.
Job analysis and design: This project area covers how specific job roles are defined or adjusted as a result of the project, including their responsibilities and skill expectations.
Organizational change enablement: This project area covers how the project supports teams and individuals in adopting new ways of working, including coaching, support structures, and feedback loops.
Product management: This project area covers how the solution is treated as a product, including roadmap decisions, releases, and end-of-life choices during and after the project.
Systems development management: This project area covers how development work is planned, tracked, and controlled within the project, including timelines, staffing, and quality targets.
Systems and software lifecycle engineering: This project area covers how the project sets up and uses environments, pipelines, and processes for building, testing, deploying, and operating systems.
Systems design: This project area covers the design of the overall system behavior, including interfaces, data flows, and interactions with other systems.
Software design: This project area covers the detailed design of software components to meet requirements and align with the chosen project standards.
Network design: This project area covers the design or modification of network topology, connectivity, and security.
Infrastructure design: This project area covers how servers, cloud services, storage, and other infrastructure elements needed for the project are specified and designed.
Hardware design: This project area covers the specification and design of any required hardware or devices within the project scope.
Programming / Software development: This project area covers how code is written, reviewed, and integrated in the project, including coding standards and development practices.
Systems integration and build: This project area covers how components and systems are assembled, integrated, and made to work together.
Functional testing: This project area covers how the project tests that the solution’s functions behave as expected against defined requirements.
Non-functional testing: This project area covers how performance, security, scalability, and other non-functional aspects are tested and evaluated.
Process testing: This project area covers how end-to-end business processes are exercised and tested to confirm they work in real scenarios.
Software configuration: This project area covers how software products are configured for this project’s needs, including parameter choices and environment-specific settings.
Real-time / Embedded systems development: This project area covers how real-time or embedded software is built and tested within the project, including timing and reliability constraints.
Safety engineering: This project area covers the definition, design, and verification of safety requirements for safety-related systems.
Safety assessment: This project area covers how the project proves that safety-related systems meet required integrity levels and standards.
Radio frequency engineering: This project area covers the design, deployment, and validation of RF-based components and networks.
Animation development: This project area covers how the project designs and builds animations, simulations, or interactive environments included in the scope.
Data management: This project area covers how project-related data assets are defined, governed, secured, and maintained.
Data modeling and design: This project area covers the design of data structures, models, and relationships to support project requirements.
Database design: This project area covers how databases are structured, implemented, and tuned for the solution delivered by the project.
Data analytics: This project area covers how the project uses data to generate insights, including which analyses are run and how results influence decisions.
Data science: This project area covers the design and implementation of advanced analytics, predictive models, and experiments.
Machine learning: This project area covers selecting, training, validating, deploying, and monitoring machine learning models within the project.
Business intelligence: This project area covers how reports, dashboards, and other BI artifacts are defined, built, and used within the project scope.
Data engineering: This project area covers the design and operation of data pipelines, storage, and processing components to support the project.
Data visualization: This project area covers how data is presented visually to help stakeholders understand and act on it.
User research: This project area covers how the project investigates user behavior, needs, and constraints, and how findings inform decision-making.
Customer experience: This project area covers how the project defines and designs the end-to-end customer experience it wants to create or change.
Accessibility and inclusion: This project area covers how the project ensures that solutions are accessible and inclusive for relevant user groups and legal requirements.
User experience analysis: This project area covers the analysis of user contexts, tasks, and pain points to define UX requirements.
User experience design: This project area covers the design and prototyping of interaction flows, interfaces, and UX concepts.
User experience evaluation: This project area covers how the project tests and validates UX designs against goals, metrics, and user feedback.
Content design and authoring: This project area covers how text, visuals, and media content are planned, written, and structured for the solution.
Content publishing: This project area covers how content produced by the project is approved, published, and maintained across channels.
Knowledge management: This project area covers how knowledge created or required by the project is captured, shared, and reused.
Graphic design: This project area covers the design of visual assets and layouts to support the project’s communication and product needs.
Scientific modeling: This project area covers how computational models are created and used inside the project to address scientific or technical questions.
Numerical analysis: This project area covers the development and application of numerical methods and algorithms to support project calculations and simulations.
High-performance computing: This project area covers how the project uses high-performance computing resources, including environment setup, job configuration, and performance trade-offs.
Technology service management: This project area covers how services delivered or changed by the project will be supported and managed operationally.
Application support: This project area covers how support for the new or changed application will work after go-live, including roles, SLAs, and channels.
Infrastructure operations: This project area covers how the project’s infrastructure will be operated, monitored, and maintained in production.
System software administration: This project area covers the installation, configuration, and maintenance of the operating systems and foundational software used by the project.
Network support: This project area covers how the solution’s networks will be supported and how they will be troubleshooted.
Systems installation and removal: This project area covers how systems or components will be rolled out, migrated, decommissioned, or removed.
Configuration management: This project area covers how configuration items in the project are identified, tracked, and controlled over time.
Release management: This project area covers how releases are planned, approved, and executed, and how risk is managed around each release.
Deployment: This project area covers how new software or configurations are moved into live use, including checks, rollback paths, and communication.
Storage management: This project area covers how storage resources for the project are provisioned, secured, monitored, and optimized.
Facilities management: This project area covers the planning and management of the physical facilities required by the project, such as server rooms or offices.
Service level management: This project area covers how service level targets for the new or changed service are defined, agreed upon, and monitored.
Service catalog management: This project area covers how services impacted by the project are represented in the service catalog and made visible to users.
Availability management: This project area covers how availability targets are set for the solution and which design and operational decisions support them.
Continuity management: This project area covers how business continuity and disaster recovery requirements are defined, tested, and documented for the solution.
Capacity management: This project area covers how capacity needs are forecast, planned, and monitored so the solution can handle expected loads.
Incident management: This project area covers how incidents related to the new or changed service will be reported, triaged, resolved, and reviewed.
Problem management: This project area covers how root causes of recurring or major issues are identified, analyzed, and resolved.
Change control: This project area covers how changes to systems, configurations, or processes in scope are requested, evaluated, approved, and implemented.
Asset management: This project area covers how assets created or used by the project are recorded, tracked, and retired.
Service acceptance: This project area covers how the solution is formally accepted into live service, including criteria and sign-offs.
Identity and access management: This project area covers how identities and permissions for users and systems are defined, granted, and reviewed in the solution.
Security operations: This project area covers how security events related to the project’s solution are detected, investigated, and handled.
Vulnerability assessment: This project area covers how vulnerabilities in systems and applications in scope are regularly identified and addressed.
Digital forensics: This project area covers how digital evidence related to incidents in the project’s scope would be collected and analyzed.
Cybercrime investigation: This project area covers how the organization would investigate cyber incidents involving systems or data touched by the project.
Offensive cyber operations: This project area covers any sanctioned offensive security testing activities within the project, such as red teaming or advanced simulations.
Penetration testing: This project area covers how penetration tests are planned, executed, and acted upon for systems delivered by the project.
Records management: This project area covers the classification, storage, retention, and disposition of project-relevant records.
Analytical classification and coding: This project area covers how information in the project is categorized and coded so that it can be searched, analyzed, and reused.
Database administration: This project area covers the installation, configuration, backup, monitoring, and tuning of the databases in scope.
Performance management: This project area covers how individual and team performance related to the project is defined, monitored, and developed.
Employee experience: This project area covers how the project affects employees’ day-to-day experience and how pain points or gains are managed.
Organizational facilitation: This project area covers how workshops, meetings, and cross-team sessions are designed and facilitated to advance project work.
Professional development: This project area covers how the project contributes to or depends on skill development for the people involved.
Workforce planning: This project area covers how staffing needs for the project and related operations are forecast and covered.
Resourcing: This project area covers how people and other resources are sourced, assigned, onboarded, and rotated in and out of the project.
Learning and development management: This project area covers the planning, delivery, and tracking of training activities required by the project.
Learning design and development: This project area covers how specific learning materials are created to support the adoption of the new solution.
Learning delivery: This project area covers how training sessions, courses, or other learning interventions are delivered to target groups.
Competency assessment: This project area covers how the project checks whether people have the skills needed for new processes or systems.
Certification scheme operation: This project area covers how any certifications or credentials tied to the project’s solution are designed and run.
Teaching: This project area covers any structured teaching activities the project sets up, such as formal classes or academies.
Subject formation: This project area covers the creation of new curricula or structured content areas as part of the project.
Sourcing: This project area covers how external products and services for the project are defined, tendered, and contracted.
Supplier management: This project area covers how suppliers involved in the project are selected, governed, monitored, and, if needed, challenged.
Contract management: This project area covers how the project’s contracts are negotiated, managed, monitored, and modified.
Stakeholder relationship management: This project area covers how key stakeholders are identified, engaged, influenced, and kept aligned throughout the project.
Customer service support: This project area covers how the service desk or customer support function will handle issues related to the new solution.
Business administration: This project area covers administrative activities required for the project, including scheduling, documentation, and coordination.
Bid/Proposal management: This project area covers how the project prepares or responds to bids and proposals, if the initiative includes competitive tenders.
Selling: This project area covers how the project supports sales activities, such as positioning, demos, and customer conversations.
Sales support: This project area covers how the project enables the sales organization with materials, training, and answers to customer questions.
Marketing management: This project area covers how the project shapes and supports marketing plans, messages, and campaigns related to the new solution.
Market research: This project area covers how the project gathers and interprets market, customer, and competitor insights.
Brand management: This project area covers how the project affects brand perception and how brand guidelines constrain or guide design and communication.
Customer engagement and loyalty: This project area covers how the project contributes to customer retention, engagement mechanisms, and loyalty programs.
Marketing campaign management: This project area covers how campaigns related to the project are planned, executed, measured, and adjusted.
Digital marketing: This project area covers how digital channels are used to communicate and promote the project’s outcomes or products.