Framework: Management frameworks
Table of Contents
- Creativity, Design, Learning, Writing
- Economics, History, Politics, Society
- Leadership & Management
- Marketing & Sales
- Military
- Organizational change management
- Personal growth & Mindset
- Problem-solving & Decision-making
- Product, Service, Development
- Project, Program, Portfolio
- Sourcing & Procurement
- Strategy & Innovation
Creativity, Design, Learning, Writing
5E Model
- Engage
- Explore
- Explain
- Elaborate
- Evaluate
ADDIE Model
- Analyze
- Design
- Develop
- Implement
- Evaluate
Anderson and Krathwohl Bloom’s Taxonomy Revised
- Factual knowledge
- Conceptual knowledge
- Procedural knowledge
- Metacognitive knowledge
ARCS Model Components
- Attention
- Relevance
- Confidence
- Satisfaction
ARCS Model Motivational Design Process
- Analysis - Obtain course information
- Analysis - Obtain audience information
- Analysis - Analyze audience
- Analysis - Analyze existing materials
- Analysis - List objectives and assessments
- Design - List potential tactics
- Design - Select and design tactics
- Design - Integrate with instruction
- Development - Select and develop materials
- Evaluation - Evaluate and revise
Backward design
- Identify the results desired (big ideas and skills)
- Determine acceptable levels of evidence that support that the desired results have occurred (culminating assessment tasks)
- Design activities that will make desired results happen (learning events)
Bloom’s Taxonomy
- Remember
- Understand
- Apply
- Analyze
- Evaluate
- Create
Can Do Descriptors
- Level 1: Can identify or recognize
- Level 2: Can describe or explain
- Level 3: Can apply or use in context
- Level 4: Can analyze or justify
- Level 5: Can create or evaluate
Classroom Instruction That Works
- Identifying similarities and differences
- Summarizing and note-taking
- Reinforcing effort and providing recognition
- Homework and practice
- Non-linguistic representations
- Cooperative learning
- Setting objectives and providing feedback
- Generating and testing hypotheses
- Cues, questions, and advance organizers
Cognitive Apprenticeship Model
- Modeling
- Coaching
- Scaffolding
- Articulation
- Reflection
- Exploration
Cognitive Load
- Intrinsic cognitive load
- Germane cognitive load
- Extraneous cognitive load
Depth of Knowledge Levels
- Recall and reproduce
- Apply knowledge and skills
- Strategic thinking
- Extensive thinking
Dick and Carey Systems Approach Model
- Identify instructional goal(s)
- Conduct instructional analysis
- Analyze learners and contexts
- Write performance objectives
- Develop assessment instruments
- Develop instructional strategy
- Develop and select instructional materials
- Design and conduct formative evaluation of instruction
- Revise instruction
- Design and conduct summative evaluation
DIKW Pyramid
- Data
- Information
- Knowledge
- Wisdom
Fink’s Taxonomy of Significant Learning
- Foundational knowledge
- Application
- Integration
- Human dimension
- Caring
- Learning how to learn
First Principles of Instruction
- Task/Problem-centered
- Activation
- Demonstration
- Application
- Integration
Gagné’s Nine Events of Instruction
- Gaining attention
- Informing learners of objectives
- Stimulating recall of prior learning
- Presenting the stimulus
- Providing learning guidance
- Eliciting performance
- Providing feedback
- Assessing performance
- Enhancing retention and transfer
Gradual Release of Responsibility - Focused lesson
- Name the strategy, skill, or task
- State the purpose of the strategy, skill, or task
- Explain when the strategy or skill is used
- Use analogies to link prior knowledge to new learning
- Demonstrate how the skill, strategy, or task is completed
- Alert learners about errors to avoid
- Assess the use of the new skill
Gradual Release of Responsibility
- Focused lesson
- Guided instruction
- Collaborative learning
- Independent tasks
Guaranteed Learning
- Design a task analysis
- Develop criterion tests and performance measures
- Develop interactive instructional materials
- Validate the interactive instructional materials
- Create simulations or performance activities
Habits of Mind
- Persisting
- Thinking and communicating with clarity and precision
- Managing impulsivity
- Gathering data through all senses
- Listening with understanding and empathy
- Creating, imagining, innovating
- Thinking flexibly
- Responding with wonderment and awe
- Thinking about hinking (metacognition)
- Taking responsible risks
- Striving for accuracy
- Finding humor
- Questioning and posing problems
- Thinking interdependently
- Applying past knowledge to new situations
- Remaining open to continuous learning
Inquiry-based Learning
- Confirmation inquiry
- Structured inquiry
- Guided inquiry
- Open/True inquiry
Instructional scaffolding
- The selection of the learning task
- The anticipation of errors
- The application of scaffolds during the learning task
- The consideration of emotional issues
Kolb’s Learning Styles
- Diverging
- Assimilating
- Converging
- Accommodating
Marzano’s New Taxonomy
- Self system
- Beliefs about the importance of knowledge
- Beliefs about efficacy
- Emotions associated with knowledge
- Metacognitive system
- Specifying learning goals
- Monitoring the execution of knowledge
- Monitoring clarity
- Monitoring accuracy
- Cognitive system
- Knowledge retrieval
- Comprehension
- Analysis
- Knowledge utilization
- Knowledge domain
- Information
- Mental procedures
- Physical procedures
Motivating Opportunities Model
- Situational
- Utilization
- Competence
- Content
- Emotional
- Social
- Systemic
Universal Design for Learning (UDL)
- Multiple means of representation
- Multiple means of expression
- Multiple means of engagement
PISA Global Competence Framework
- Examine issues
- Understand perspectives
- Interact with others
- Take action
SAMR Model
- Substitution
- Augmentation
- Modification
- Redefinition
SOLO Taxonomy
- Prestructural
- Unistructural
- Multistructural
- Relational
- Extended abstract
Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge (TPACK)
- Technological knowledge
- Pedagogical knowledge
- Content knowledge
- The overlaps between them
- Disorienting dilemma
- Self-examination
- Sense of alienation
- Relating discontent to others
- Explaining options of new behavior
- Building confidence in new ways
- Planning a course of action
- Knowledge to implement plans
- Experimenting with new roles
- Reintegration
Economics, History, Politics, Society
PESTLE
- Political environment
- Economic environment
- Social environment
- Technological environment
- Legal environment
- Environmental environment
Leadership & Management
Belbin Team Roles
- Action-Oriented - Shaper
- Action-Oriented - Implementer
- Action-Oriented - Finisher
- People-Oriented - Coordinator
- People-Oriented - Teamworker
- People-Oriented - Resource Investigator
- Thought-Oriented - Plant
- Thought-Oriented - Evaluator
- Thought-Oriented - Specialist
Competing Values Framework (Quinn & Rohrbaugh)
- Collaborative Culture (Internal & Flexibility)
- Innovative Culture (External & Flexibility)
- Competitive Culture (External & Stability)
- Structured Culture (Internal & Stability)
Leadership Pipeline
- From managing self to managing others
- From managing others to managing managers
- From managing managers to functional manager
- From functional manager to business manager
- From business manager to group manager
- From group manager to enterprise manager
Organizational Culture Model (Schein)
- Artifacts
- Espoused values
- Basic underlying assumptions
Situational Leadership
- Low competence, high commitment - Telling
- Some competence, low commitment - Selling
- Moderate/high competence, variable commitment - Participating
- High competence, high commitment - Delegating
Span of Control
- Manager capacity
- Task complexity
- Employee maturity
- Technology use
- Geographical spread
- Transformational - Inspires through vision tactics
- Transformational - Challenges the status quo tactics
- Transformational - Cares about individual growth tactics
- Transformational - Builds emotional connection tactics
- Transactional - Sets expectations tactics
- Transactional - Uses rewards and penalties tactics
- Transactional - Maintains rules and order tactics
- Transactional - Monitors compliance tactics
Marketing & Sales
3Cs of Marketing
- Customer
- Competitors
- Company
AIDA
- Attention stage
- Interest stage
- Desire stage
- Action stage
Brand Positioning (Keller)
- Target audience
- Frame of reference
- Points of parity
- Points of difference
- Reason to believe
- Brand mantra
Military
Center of Gravity (von Clausewitz)
- Exists at each level of warfare
- Mostly physical at operational and tactical levels
- Is a source of leverage
- Allows or enhances freedom of action
- May be where the enemy’s force is most densely concentrated
- Can endanger one’s own COGs
- May be transitory in nature
- Linked to objective(s)
- Dependent upon adversarial relationship
- Can shift over time or between phases
- Often depends on factors of time and space
- Contains many intangible elements at strategic level
DIMEFIL
- Diplomacy
- Information
- Military
- Economics
- Financial
- Intelligence
- Law enforcement
DOTMLPF-P Analysis
- Doctrine
- Organization
- Training
- Material
- Leadership and education
- Personnel
- Facilities
- Policy
Ends-Ways-Means-Risk
- Ends (Goal & Objectives)
- Ways (Actions)
- Means (Resources & Requirements)
- Risk (Risks)
Joint Operational Planning Process (JOPP)
- Planning initiation
- Mission analysis
- Course of action development
- Course of action analysis (Wargaming)
- Course of action comparison
- Course of action approval
- Plan or order development
OODA Loop (Boyd)
- Observe
- Orient
- Decide
- Act
Powell Doctrine
- Is a vital national security interest threatened?
- Do we have a clear attainable objective?
- Have the risks and costs been fully and frankly analyzed?
- Have all other non-violent policy means been fully exhausted?
- Is there a plausible exit strategy to avoid endless entanglement?
- Have the consequences of our action been fully considered?
- Is the action supported by the people of the nation?
- Do we have genuine broad international support?
Principles of War (US Army)
- Objective
- Offensive
- Mass
- Economy of force
- Maneuver
- Unity of command
- Security
- Surprise
- Simplicity
- Restraint (Joint)
- Perseverance (Joint)
- Legitimacy (Joint)
Warden’s Five Rings
- Leadership
- System essentials
- Infrastructure
- Population
- Fielded military forces
Organizational change management
7S Framework
- Strategy
- Structure
- Systems
- Shared values
- Style
- Staff
- Skills
ADKAR
- Awareness step
- Desire step
- Knowledge step
- Ability step
- Reinforcement step
Kaizen
- Improvement detection
- Process analysis
- Solution ideation
- Change implementation
- Impact measurement
- Practice standardization
- Ongoing iteration (Kaizen)
Organizational Life Cycle (Greiner)
- Growth through creativity phase
- Growth through direction phase
- Growth through delegation phase
- Growth through coordination phase
- Growth through collaboration phase
- Growth through alliances phase
PDCA
- Plan
- Do
- Check
- Act
Theory of Constraints
- Constraint identification
- Constraint exploitation
- Process subordination
- Constraint elevation
- Process reiteration
Personal growth & Mindset
Barrett Values Model
- Survival level
- Relationships level
- Self-esteem level
- Transformation level
- Internal cohesion level
- Making a difference level
- Legacy level
Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs
- Physiological needs
- Safety needs
- Belonging needs
- Esteem needs
- Actualization needs
SCARF
- Status (Relative importance to others)
- Certainty (Predictability of the future)
- Autonomy (Sense of control over events)
- Relatedness (Feeling of connection with others)
- Fairness (Perception of fair exchanges)
Problem-solving & Decision-making
Cynefin Framework
- Clear
- Complicated
- Complex
- Chaotic
- Confused
DMAIC
- Problem definition
- Data measurement
- Cause analysis
- Process improvement
- Quality control
Eisenhower Matrix
- Crisis management (Urgent & Important)
- Strategic planning (Not urgent & Important)
- Distraction handling (Urgent & Not important)
- Activity elimination (Not urgent & Not important)
Gap Analysis
- Present state analysis
- Target state definition
- Gap bridging approach
Root Cause Analysis
- Problem definition
- Data collection
- Factor identification
- Cause discovery
- Solution planning
- Action execution
- Outcome monitoring
Six Thinking Hats
- Facts (White)
- Emotions (Red)
- Negatives (Black)
- Positives (Yellow)
- Creativity (Green)
- Control (Blue)
Product, Service, Development
Customer Experience Pyramid
- Level 1: Functionality
- Level 2: Accessibility
- Level 3: Responsiveness
- Level 4: Personalization
- Level 5: Emotion
Customer Journey
- Awareness stage
- Consideration stage
- Purchase stage
- Onboarding stage
- Use/Adoption stage
- Support stage
- Loyalty stage
Diffusion of Innovation - Adopter groups
- Innovators
- Early adopters
- Early majority
- Late majority
- Laggards
Diffusion of Innovation - Innovation attributes
- Relative advantage
- Compatibility
- Complexity
- Trialability
- Observability
Diffusion of Innovation - S-Curve
- Introduction
- Growth
- Maturity
- Decline
Jobs-to-be-Done
- Main job
- Functional job
- Emotional job
- Social job
- Job context
- Job progress
- Struggling moment
Lean Canvas
- Problem
- Customer segment
- Unique value proposition
- Solution idea
- Channels
- Revenue streams
- Cost structure
- Key metrics
- Unfair advantage
Lean Startup
- Build step
- Measure step
- Learn step
Outcome-Driven Innovation
- Define job
- Locate job
- Prepare job
- Confirm job
- Execute job
- Monitor job
- Modify job
- Conclude job
TOGAF ADM
- Architecture vision
- Business architecture
- Information system architecture
- Technology architecture
- Opportunities and solutions
- Migration planning
- Implementation governance
- Architecture change management
Project, Program, Portfolio
CMMI
- Level 1 - Initial
- Level 2 - Managed
- Level 3 - Defined
- Level 4 - Quantitatively managed
- Level 5 - Optimizing
Sourcing & Procurement
Procurement and Supply Cycle (CIPS)
- Define business needs and develop specification
- Market analysis and make or buy decision
- Develop the strategy and plan
- Pre-procurement market testing and engagement
- Develop documentation: Pre-qualification questionnaire and detailed specification
- Supplier selection to participate in tender
- Issue tender documents
- Bid and tender evaluation and validation
- Contract award and implementation
- Warehouse, logistics, and receipt
- Contract performance and improvement
- Supplier relationship management
- Asset management
Strategy & Innovation
5Ps of Strategy
- Plan
- Ploy
- Pattern
- Position
- Perspective
Ansoff Matrix
- Market penetration (Greater share of an existing market with existing products & services)
- Product development (New products & services in existing markets)
- Market development (Creating new markets with existing products & services)
- Diversification (Development of new products & services in new markets)
Bowman’s Strategy Clock
- Low price & Low value added
- Low price
- Hybrid (Moderate price/differentiation)
- Differentiation
- Focused differentiation
- Risky high margins
- Monopoly pricing
- Loss of market share
Coopetition Analysis
- Company
- Customers
- Suppliers
- Competitors
- Complementors
Futures Cone
- Possible futures
- Probable futures
- Plausible futures
- Preferable futures
GROW Model
- Goal
- Reality
- Options
- Will
Hoshin Kanri
- Vision setting
- Breakthrough planning
- Annual alignment
- Goal cascading
- Strategy execution
- Progress monitoring
- Performance evaluation
Innovation Ambition Matrix
- Core innovation
- Adjacent innovation
- Transformational innovation
Niche Strategy
- Low competition
- High market demand
- High-income potential
Porter’s Five Forces
- Competitive rivalry
- Supplier power
- Buyer power
- Threat of substitution
- Threat of new entry
SOAR Analysis
- Strengths
- Opportunities
- Aspirations
- Results
Strategy Diamond
- Arenas
- Vehicles
- Differentiators
- Staging
- Economic logic
SWOT
Internal strengths
Internal weaknesses
External opportunities
External threats
Three Horizons of Growth
- Core optimization (Short-term)
- Growth expansion (Mid-term)
- Future innovation (Long-term)
VMOST
- Vision
- Mission
- Objectives
- Strategy
- Tactics
VRIO
- Value
- Rarity
- Imitability
- Organization
VUCA
- Volatility
- Uncertainty
- Complexity
- Ambiguity
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